:高考英语虚拟语气命题走向与应试策略
高考英语虚拟语气命题走向与应试策略
湖南省涟源市私立行知中学曾省初
[高考走向]在高中阶段,虚拟语气被普遍认为是难度大,不易掌握的语法项目,很容易使初学者望而生畏,虚拟语气是高考复现率最高的考点之一,占40%。综观近几年的高考英语试题,命题者主要是从以下结构特征及重难点入手的。能否从中找出一些规律呢?然而只要我们好好总结一下虚拟语气的构成和用法,那就可以化难为易了。
[知识在线]
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might+动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should+动词原形也可用“wereto+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如:IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.(现在)Ifitshouldrain,wewouldntgoout。(将来)IfIknewGerman,Iwouldreadthepapertoyou.(现在)Ifhewerehere,wecouldaskhim.(现在)(2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might+have+过去分词)。如:IfIhadsetoffalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.Shewould/mighthavecomeifshehadntbeensobusy.IfIhadnttakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadeabadmistake.Ifonlyyouhadnttoldhimthenews.(3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如:Hadtheytime(=Iftheyhadtime),theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.Shoulditbefine(=Ifitshouldbefine),wewouldgoforanouting.WereIgo(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldgo.(4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如:Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),Itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).IfIhadtakenyouradvice(过去),Ishouldhavenotroublewiththeworknow(现在).2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish/wouldrather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如:Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Thedoctorinsistedthatthepatient(should)beX-rayed.IwishIwereasstrongasyou.Iwouldratherthatyouhadnttoldhim.3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural;Itisrequested/suggested/desired/proposed;itisapity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:Itisnecessarythathe(should)besentthereatonce.ItisrequestedthatProfessorLi(should)giveusaspeech.Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethefirsttogo.Myadviceisthatwe(should)sendforDoctorLi.DOyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)Keepwatch?5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法在asif引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在sothat,inorderthat引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshecouldtakecareofhermother.Hetookataxitothestationsothatsheshouldnotmissthetrain.6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:
在Itis(about/high)time+that定语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“该做……的时候了”,其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原形。
Itsalready5oclocknow.Dontyouthinkitsabouttimewewenthome?现在已经5点钟了,你不认为我们应该回家了吗?
Itistimethattheproblemwassolved.
7.虚拟语气用在wouldratherwould(just)assoon,wouldsooner,wouldprefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中。意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事,其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。若表示现在或将来要做某事,从句谓语动词需用一般过去时,表示过去已经做的事,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
(1)Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughterdidnotworkinthesameoffice.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。
(2)Tobefrank,Idratheryouwerenotinvolvedinthecase.坦率地说,我希望你不要卷入这件事。
(3)Youdonthavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryouwentonbusinessfirst.你没有必要这么着急
[创新训练]
虚拟语气练习1
1。IfI____amap,Iwouldlendittoyou。
a。haveb。hadc。shouldd。would
2。Alan_____thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon。
a。wouldhavemissedb。hadmissedc。wouldmissd。missed
3。Ifyou_____toloseweight,____lessbread。
a。wanted…。。ateb。wanted…。。wouldeat
c。want…。。eatd。wouldwant…。。ate
4。IfIknewyouwerecoming,I_______youattheairport。
a。hadmetb。metd。wouldmeetd。wouldhavemet
5。IfonlyI_______tomyparents!(ButIdidnt。)
a。listenedb。hadlistenedc。shouldlistend。wouldlisten
6。ThecommitteeproposedthatMr。Day_____elected。
a。wasb。werec。wouldbed。be
7。Itstimeyou_____inbed。
a。beb。arec。wered。was
8。Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident______forthiscollege。
a。shouldappointb。shouldbeappointed
c。beappointedd。appoint
9。Idratherwe_____dinnernow。
a。hadb。havec。shouldhaved。shouldhavehad
10。Itwashisdoctorwhoadvisedthathe______hisjob。
a。hadchangedb。changedc。wouldchanged。change
11。TomsuggestedthatAnn_____thehouse。
a。sellb。soldc。shouldselld。wouldsell
12。Iwishthisbus______totheuniversity。
a。gob。wentc。hasgoned。hadgone
13。Iamconvincedthathe_____innocent。
a。beb。wasc。wered。is
14。_____tothedoctorrightaway,hemightbealivetoday。
a。Shouldhehavegoneb。Werehegone
c。Hadhegoned。Ifhewent
15Samneylooksasthoughhenever_____asquaremeal,though
hisparentsfeedhimverywell。
a。getb。gettingc。gotd。shouldget
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